The Importance of Character in Le Colonel Chabert :: Le Colonel Chabert

The Importance of Character in Le Colonel Chabert   â â â Le Colonel Chabert shows the connection among solid and frail characters. The level of solidarity inside a character reflects how well the character gets by in the public eye. In the public arena, powerless characters frequently have no personality, calling or rank. More grounded characters have capacity to prevail from internal certainty, inspiration and aspiration. Any exceptional changes brought to the body or soul by the earth debases that individual's quality along these lines influencing their capacity to work appropriately in the public arena. This examination of characters gives a comprehension of Balzac's skeptical perspective on nineteenth century society. A character's quality and vitality in the novel decides their endurance in the public eye. Colonel Chabert has been known to be a fearless legend previously, ... je commandais un r‚giment de cavalerie †¦ Eylau. J'ai ‚t‚ beaucoup dans le succÃ¥ es de la c‚lÃ¥ bre charge... Once he comes back to Paris after his physical issue, he loses his personality and turns into the feeble character of society. This is a quick decay down the stepping stool of progress and Chabert attempts urgently to move back up to the top, where he had been previously. Toward the start of the novel, there is a dream of a moderate non-vigorous man strolling logically up the steps to legal advisor Derville's investigation which differentiates the clamorous vitality of the agents. Chabert arrives at Derville's investigation and is resolved to discover the legal advisor to assist him with discovering equity for his infortunes, ... me suis-je d‚termin‚ †¦ venir vous trouver. Je vous parlerai de mes malhers in addition to tard. Chabert shows some vitality left in him by his will to recover everything that he lost. This vitality to recover his capacity changes to incensed and vindictive vitality after realizing what his significant other had done, Les yeux de l'homme ‚nergique brillaient rallum‚s aux feux du d‚sir et de la retribution. After a timeframe, Chabert loses expectation and says goodbye until the end of time. He surrenders his personality to turn into an obscure individual as he understands that his quality of character isn't sufficient to keep him alive in this general public. He sees himself debilitating when considering his to be and her kids as he doesn't have the heart to separate her family. He tells his significant other, Je ne r‚clamerai jamais le nom que j'ai peut-ˆtre illustr‚. Je ne suis in addition to qu'un pauvre diable nomm‚ Hyancinthe.

Organizations From Heavy Engineer Industry -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Organizations From Heavy Engineering Industry? Answer: Presentation Representatives or the HR of any association structure the foundation of the business. Without them it would difficult to complete various tasks that run in the business. In spite of the improved innovation and upgraded use of that innovation, the HR of any business despite everything stay urgent (James Mathew, 2012). This report illuminates how and for what reason is it getting amazingly testing to hold representatives in the association and what are the means that can be put to battle the equivalent. The association in reference is Samsung. Samsung is a main player in the electronic merchandise industry. Samsung pays its workers in two parts, first being a fixed pay and second is the variable reward. This reward is unmistakably topped at half of the workers pay. Samsungs portable divisions execution in the year 2015 was beneath normal and to a great extent away from the ideal objective. Be that as it may, as an association, Samsung still kept on offering rewards to all the representatives of the portable division notwithstanding terrible showing. Despite the fact that, the move taken by Samsung to rouse their workers and value their endeavors was a splendid signal, it antagonistically affected the assurance of different representatives who didnt charge so well. This particularly incorporates the battery division, whose representatives were paid a 3% reward that year. This report will lay accentuation on techniques embraced by Samsung to hold representatives just as suggestions to better the equivalent. Difficulties in holding workers In the serious market world that encompasses us, there are expanding difficulties that an association is confronted with while endeavoring to hold its workers. A couple of these difficulties are as underneath: Serious occupation showcase The activity showcase that exists today is exceptionally serious. The expanding globalization has made occupations over the world and each business is battling to get the best applicant work for their firm. This opposition in the activity advertise has prompted workers finding employment elsewhere and paying special mind to better open doors at the scarcest uneasiness (Hong Hao, 2012). It is simple for workers to get pulled in by other rewarding extends and leave their present employment opportunity. This makes it hard for representatives to work with a similar association for longer periods. Worker poaching Worker poaching is the procedure of a skillful representative of an association being baited or poached by a contending firm by offering better pay for their work. This representative poaching has appeared because of a lack of skillful workers and the expanding capacity of organizations to pay better. Industry rivalry likewise assumes a significant job in worker poaching (Das Baruah, 2013). So as to stay serious in the business, associations attempt to get representatives of their rivals with a motivation of increasing a more profound understanding about the working of the latters business Working condition Regularly, representatives leaving the association is on the grounds that the workplace offered by their present manager isn't maintainable. Longer working hours, deficient compensation, working environment imbalance or a domain for demotivation are for the most part reasons why representatives leave their present working environment and search for better chances (Sinha, 2012). Proficient connections over the business likewise straightforwardly sway the representatives demeanor and feeling towards his work environment. Inordinate impedance, absence of opportunity to work, more slow development of profession, decreased learning or antagonistic disposition of businesses frequently makes representatives to a great extent disappointed with their work environment and powers them to pay special mind to better alternatives. Overpromising Through the procedure of any enlistment procedure, both the representatives just as the businesses regularly tend to overpromise one another. Which prompts unsatisfied representatives and businesses. At the point when workers or up-and-comers overpromise in a meeting and can't convey the equivalent, managers will in general supplant that representative. So also, when managers overpromise to draw an equipped worker and can't convey, at that point the representative beginnings searching for better openings for work. Significance of holding workers With the expanding rivalry on the planet, it is to a great extent significant that representatives fabricate long haul associations with their working environments. This prompts the development of the representative just as the association (Terera Ngirande, 2014). There are various points of interest of representatives working with a similar business for long. The endeavors of the businesses to hold representatives has the accompanying favorable circumstances: Long haul connections Holding representatives in the work environment for longer periods constructs long haul connections between the business and worker. This productiveness of the relationship prompts better and improved working environment condition. The representative knows about the strategies and systems followed at the association and has acclimated to the equivalent. Hence the workplace turns out to be entirely agreeable and gainful. This likewise comes to pass open correspondence and henceforth better comprehension between the business and representative. Expanded feeling of possession When a representative invests a specific measure of energy at the working environment, the worker starts to feel an improved feeling of possession towards the association. This builds workers dependability towards the firm yet in addition the representative starts to adjust individual objectives to the objectives of the business (Kwenin, Muathe Nzulwa, 2013). In the end, this prompts improved execution and better endeavors from workers towards the development of the association. Suggestions to hold representatives It is basic that associations put adequate endeavors to hold workers. Regularly, workers can comprehend those endeavors and regard them. Such endeavors cause the workers to feel esteemed and regarded (Akila, 2012). This makes the workers slanted towards remaining with a similar association and accomplishing something for the business consequently. There are different manners by which bosses can invest amounts of energy to hold workers. Not many of the techniques the assistance improve the business condition and urge representatives to stay steadfast are as beneath: Prizes and acknowledgment Prizes and acknowledgment are methods of tolerating, empowering and acknowledging representatives endeavors in the business. Prizes are given to rationale representatives and carry them to work significantly harder. They are a token of thankfulness (Bryant Allen, 2013). Prizes disseminated and perceiving workers endeavors additionally puts forth them mindful that their attempts are being taken note. In enormous firms, it is regularly hard for the CEO to see the endeavors of the considerable number of representatives, in this manner, in such a situation, different administrators are designated at various progressive levels. It is the obligation of these directors and pioneers to ensure that the representatives working under them are compensated and their endeavors are perceived by the top administration of the firm. Reasonable treatment Frequently it is seen that workers face particular sorts of segregation or out of line treatment. This prompts dissatisfaction among representatives and leads them to search for different employments. Such an unreasonable treatment likewise hampers the workplace and makes cynicism in the business. On account of Samsung too, it was seen that a specific divisions representatives got a high reward while simultaneously, another offices workers got a low reward. This out of line treatment prompts workers being unsatisfied and this is the point at which they begin searching for different chances. In this way, as a strategy associations must make a reasonable situation for every one of their representatives (Kocher, Strasser, 2012). They should likewise guarantee that workers are not chosen or advanced in the association based on nepotism of preference. Development and improvement of representatives So as to guarantee that representatives support in any association in the more drawn out run, associations must work towards guaranteeing the development and advancement of representatives. On the off chance that representatives will have the option to see themselves developing in the business and in their expert lives, they will have the option to see a drawn out vocation in the business. So as to accomplish the equivalent, associations must work towards giving representatives a straightforward and 360 degree criticism (Ajala, 2012). Productive inputs will assist representatives with developing and improve their presentation. HR directors should likewise ensure that representative can adjust their objectives to the objectives of the association. This will assist workers with staying propelled in the business and put reliable endeavors in improving their exhibition also. Work place condition Work place condition is the factor that influences representatives to the biggest degree. The business condition inside which representatives work either empowers them to either try sincerely or it demotivates them and antagonistically impacts their exhibition. It is subsequently, the obligation of the association to furnish their representatives with a persuading, positive and urging condition to work in that encourages a solid rivalry. A positive work environment condition will empower associations to hold their representatives in the more drawn out run. This will likewise make it conceivable for workers to manufacture a drawn out relationship with the association just as its partners. A positive work place condition is set up by open correspondence, shared regard, trust, solid rivalry and productive administration. To ensure that representatives remain related with the business, associations must work after making a sound domain. Open correspondence It has regularly been seen that representatives face different issues in the working environment however can't communicate their anxiety over the equivalent. This is the reason associations must make a domain of open correspondence. This correspondence ought to be straightforward all through the firm. Open correspondence prompts viable tending to of worker complaints. At the point when worker complaints are addres

Case Study Helicopter Retrieval To Small Regional Hospital Case Study

Case Study Helicopter Retrieval To Small Regional Hospital Case Study Case Study: Helicopter Retrieval To Small Regional Hospital â€" Case Study Example > The patient is not too sick to transfer, however the patient will require to be transported to the tertiary level hospital to receive the definitive management. In order to transport the patient, there will be need to provide the prehospital care to the patient which will be aimed at increasing chances of the patients survival before reaching the tertiary hospital for better management. The patient will be able to benefit from the prehospital management before he is transported to the hospital for the definitive management of myocardial ischaemia. The prehospital management of the patients condition(myocardial infarction) will be based on immediate offering of medical intervention since the loss of muscle cells starts to become irreversible in two hours after the infarction has occurred (Whitbread 2002,1967). The management will be aimed at the relieving of pain and the prevention of the occurrence of cardiac arrest. Early care of the patient will be much centered on the provision of reperfusion therapy to limit the infarct size and to prevent the extension as well as the expansion and treating of the immediate complications which include pump failure, shock and arrhythmias which are life threatening. The prevention of further infarction is also of importance and the reduction of the occlusion of the coronary artery on the myocardium. The initial diagnosis of myocardial infarction will be based on the chest pains, progressive dyspnea as well as the activation of the parasympathetic system which is characterized by the presence of hypotension (Bettencourt 2005, p. 874). Prehospital management of on the ground before the transportation of the patient will involve the relieving of pain. This will be done not only for humane reasons but because the pain will be associated with the sympathetic activation which will bring about the vasoconstriction which will eventually result in the increase of the amount of work of the heart. The pain will therefore be managed by the use of intravenous morphine. If the opioids fail to relive the pain, repeated doses will then be necessary or then the intravenous beta blockers or the nitrates will also be effective in the management of pain. Intramuscular injections should be avoided since their absorption will be unreliable and the site of injection might bleed when the patient will be offered the thrombolytic therapy. The antiemetics will be given concurrently with the Opioids. Opioids could induce respiratory depression, hypostatic hypotension and bradycardia or tachycardia and muscle spasm which might have the negative effects to the patient since they will aggravate the condition. Other risks of using the opioids would be the setting in of urinary incontinence (Bettencourt 2005, p. 874). Thrombolytic treatment is the cornerstone in the management of myocardial infarction. The aim of the therapy will be to complete and maintain the patency f the infacrted as well as the related arteries. The reperfu sion therapy will also go ahead to prevent the reduction of cardiac function as a result of the myocardium undergoing irreversible necrosis due to complete occlusion of the blood vessels. The management should begin immediately for this condition since the resultant ischemia will only be reversible within 3 to 6 hours. The choices of reperfusion therapies will range from the use of the percuteneuos transluminal coronary angioplasty, thrombolysis and coronary bypass graft surgery. The choice of the procedure to be used will be based on the patient’s condition, the location and the extent of the ischemic process. Coronary angioplasty in the first is divided into two, primary angioplasty and angioplasty which is combined with thrombolytic therapy. There will also be need to provide ventilation to the patient due to the saturation levels of oxygen in the blood being low. This should also be done because the patient is breathless and is having the features of heart failure or shock. T his will be aimed at addressing the need for perfusion of the various organs to prevent ischemia which would lead to necrosis on persisting. Thrombolytic therapy could lead to the patient developing hemorrhagic shock due to increased bleeding internally and this might affect the perfusion of various body organs and could result in end organ damage (McVaney 2005, p. 282).

Thomas Hobbes, The Founding Father Of The Current

Since the creation of human-kind, since the time he was given dominion over the whole earth to take care of the creations thereof, he has grown in intellect, has grown in wealth and the general desire to continue growing has never ceased. Dating back to history when there were wars and strife over political dissensions and other areas, there has been tremendous growth in terms of the economy and in terms of the social aspects of life not to mention technology. Thomas Hobbes, the founding father of the current or rather the modern political philosophy has brought up a debate about the rudiments of a political world. The world we live in is described by Hobbes as something in requirement of justification, accepted by few automatically and where the inequalities of political and social issues appear questionable. It is a world where great dispute is rallied towards the religious authority. We are currently living in a place where everyone is supposed to have rights and we wonder who the determinants of those rights are or who should enforce them. Who is the one responsible for the development that happens just automatically and what are the mechanisms behind such advancements? Hobbes has this view that human beings desire power naturally to live good lives and they will never get satisfied with the power they wield without acquiring more power. After they have this, there comes the desire to acquire even more achievements such as fame and glory, sensual pleasure and evenShow MoreRelatedThomas Hobbes And John Locke1659 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause our current state of affairs has been determined as a norm and agreed to by a majority. The following pages show how modern social contract theory especially that of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, grew into the divisive issue it is in contemporary political philosophy. 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Thomas Hobbes’ views include pessimistic views of nature and how its effects can influence man to selfishly consider what he would need to do to secure his safety while John Locke presents a natural concept that assumes there is a universal thought of good that man is aware of. AttemptingRead MoreRealist Analysis : The Russian Crimean Crisis2260 Words   |  10 Pagesperspective. Modern philosophy considers realism as a fully broad term which consists of several movements all showing a unity when it comes to Political realism. On top of the realism founding thinkers overlies the famous names of Thucydides, Hobbes and Machiavelli. Those famous realism thinkers believe that the international world is an anarchic system which guides international relations. This one concept above many others explains the seen actions of any state

Healthcare Interview - 1189 Words

Health Care Interview Cassie Dickson HCS/235 August 10, 2015 Darnecia Garner Health Care Interview Chris Rael is a critical technician that works in the trauma department at St. Francis hospital located in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He spent 10 years on ambulance support for St. Francis in addition to being a critical technician. Chris got is bachelor’s degree in sports medicine as well as Im instructor for American heart association CPR instructor and state certified EMS instructor. Chris has spent many years helping patient receive to quality care at St. Francis. Chris primary role at St Francis as a lead critical care technician is to support doctors/ nurses in a wide variety of situations ranging from cough and colds†¦show more content†¦The most important attribute for any job in EMS is adaptability. You never know whats going to walk through the door or if what a patient is telling you is the full truth. Ive been attacked, but, punched had feces thrown at me and have had patients eve try to stab me and pull guns on me. How do you see this position adapting to changes in health care? EMTS/ paramedics are being utilized more and more in Emergency Departments nationwide due to our skill set and abilities. With the huge nationwide nursing shortage we help fill in the gaps. We are a different breed. Sometimes seen as crass or non-empathetic towards some. But when you go from a dying child or cardiac arrest to someone who came in by ambulance for ankle pain they have had for 15 min sometimes we have a hard time controlling our emo tions. Due to the health care changes the ERs are a major dumping ground for all urgent cares, and doctors’ offices. We are now seeing anything and everything. Even things that are truly not emergencies. 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How to Lie with Statistics Free Essays

A Synopsis of How to Lie with Statistics by Darrell Huff When most people hear or read a statistic, they quickly have to decide if the numbers listed are valid or invalid. It is usually assumed that the author of the statistic is knowledgeable in the field to which the statistic pertains. However, on many occasions, the statistic is false, due to the author’s wording. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Lie with Statistics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Darrell Huff’s novel How to Lie with Statistics is a manual that can help individuals catch these lies. The novel allows readers to solve marketing ploys and dismiss certain statistics as faulty. The first chapter focuses on bias. The book states that all statistics are based on samples, and these samples have bias. This means that no matter what the reader will have a biased opinion. This bias is spawned from the respondents replying dishonesty, the author choosing a sample that gives better results, and the availability of data. Huff uses a survey of readership of two magazines, which had refuting results. This is because, due to the readers’ personal biases, they answered the survey dishonestly. This example closes the chapter, teaching readers to always assume that the sample has a bias. The second chapter focuses on averages. It states that there are actually three types of averages: mean, median, and mode. Mean is the arithmetic average. Median is the name given to the midpoint of the date. Finally, mode is the data point that occurs the most often in the data. Thus, the type of average used can alter the results of the statistics. The next chapter explains how sample data is chosen to prove certain results. Many marketing campaigns use this technique. They choose sample sizes that give their wanted results. Huff’s solution is that one must determine if the information is a discrete quantity or if a range is involved. The following chapter discusses errors in measurement. It explains two measures for measuring error: Probable Error and Standard Error. The probable error uses the error in the measuring device used to measure the error in the measurement. The standard error is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of a statistic. Chapter five explains how to manipulate a graph in order to show the results one wants. For example, if one was using a line graph to show a 10% climb, they could remove the unused parts of the graph to make their results seem more extreme. The next chapter discusses how two-dimensional images can deceive readers. A picture may be increased in all dimensions, making it seem much larger than it really is, giving the impression of a greater increase. Chapter seven focuses on the semi-attached figure. Simply put, if one cannot prove what they wish to prove, they can merely prove something else and then give the impression that these two things are the same. Huff uses cold medicine as an example. A pharmacist wants the reader to believe that their medicine cures the cold, but instead the label reads that the medicine kills 32, 132 cold germs. The pharmacist then hopes that the reader makes the assumption that because the medicine kills such a high number of germs, then it cures the cold. Huff is therefore teaching not to assume. The following chapter focuses on cause and effect. Huff stresses that readers must ask for when certain data was collected and if the amount of data was adequate for the entirety of the experiment. Chapter nine teachers readers how to ‘statisticulate’, meaning how to manipulate readers by using statistics. This chapter is essentially a list of what to look for when determining the validity of a statistic. Huff explains various tricks, such as measuring profit on a cost price and how income calculations mislead by using children of a family as the average. The final chapter instructs readers on how to talk back to a statistic. Huff emphasizes that readers must ask who the author his and how did he come to collect the knowledge listed in the statistic. Also, he encourages readers to question if someone changed the subject of the statistic. Finally, he explains that one must be able to understand the data presented, and if it does not make sense, then it is most likely untrue. Overall, Huff assists readers in how to determine if a statistic is valid or invalid. Though the book was published over fifty years ago, these methods are still in use. How to cite How to Lie with Statistics, Papers

Importance of Operations Management for Finance†MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theImportance of Operations Management for Finance. Answer: Introduction and Definition A business organization has Finance, Operations and Marketing sections as its primary function. Operations Management performs a transformation role in the process of converting inputs into complete goods and services (Reid, Sanders, 2005). The contributions include human resources, facilities, and processes that form outputs in the shape of goods and services. In a local manufacturing plant, raw materials are physically changed into fashion clothes that equally transform the state. This department is responsible for decision making and design product delivery activities to the firm. All companies are categorized into manufacturing and service organizations. The manufacturing organizations create tangible products that can be stored while service agencies on the other hand yield intangible products. Customers contact the manufacturers through retailers or distributors. Operations and supply chains are inherently linked; hence no business organization could exist without the other. T herefore, without communication between marketing and operations, the company may find difficulties in its setup. The bottom line is that a company that embraces a supply chain need to harmonize and associate with the operations management. This creates a chain that is efficient in a timely fashion of produce and component delivery. Abstract In Australia, the retail model has emerged on customers actively. The entry and growth of global fashion powerhouses such as HM, Topshop, and Zara in the market, has benefited the supply chain. The sheer speed in design concepts has allowed such companies to compete in the many markets effectively. They hold customer values in high esteems thus posing challenges to department stores. These competition challenges provide apparel clothing products to the consumers hence a change in retail industry. The retailers can sell goods and offer services online. The HMs opening was a spectacle as it competes with Zara another powerhouse in fashion phenomenon in Australia. From the beginning, fast fashion has had an important effect on the international fashion prospect. Since fast fashion involves taking styles set at the major fashion weeks and making them accessible for bulk consumption as swiftly as possible while preserving reasonable prices. These companies have established fierce competitors to the established brands in the country. The fast fashions have degraded the fashion brands of Australian companies. The Zara powerhouse company uses entire supply chain to control the influence of customers. Fast fashion retailers such as HM and Zara often produce a substantial proportion of products at a percentage just under 50% in Europe (Ly, 2014). In these brands, they tend to neglect characteristics of the country hence Japanese retailer Uniqlo was formed. It favors quality and more basic merchandise that charm a wider demography compared to HM and Zara. Due to these fast fashions, there is a change in Australias brands. The international fast fashio n in Australia has brought adverse effects to local brands, environmental damage and labor exploitation. These are complex problems to social and political issues in the country. In a more profitable manner, fashion people in the country inject new varieties in the local fashion scene. Due to these competitions, the industry has adapted to market share hence fashion revolution. Competition in Fashion Industry In fashion, the competitive nature controls demand and revenue (Bridson, Evans, Mavondo, Minkiewicz, 2013). Factors that influence company development include the economy, lifestyle and new product developments. Additionally, demography of industry trends in distribution and supply chains. Due to low-priced nature of fast fashion consumers can keep up-to-date with the latest styles while maintaining their budget. The short-range outlook for the Australian fashion retail industry has been disrupted by new types of machinery and advanced competition. The continued online retail growth has affected the retail spectrum the bigger retailers will remain larger and better while the smaller and medium will not develop to become competitors. Adaptation and embracing change has provided the market for retailers to connect with the customers (KO, Kim, 2014). These business models have offered innovations for product offering hence keeping up with environment competition. Impacts of Fast Fashion Retailers The fast fashion retail trends mandate for innovative reaction. The Zara retailer illustrates this better due to the wage costs production worldwide for example in Asia (Qin, Lee, 2014). This has resulted in a universal supply chain which is focused on its head office in Spain, and produce designers more profitable than the average fashion traditional retailers at a short duration of the production. The Zara retailer significantly outdoes specialty retailers. It is more profitable than the average fashion stores due to higher turnover margins. Its innovative approach drives it to mega total supply chains. World manufacturer of fashion is dedicated to trading companies. They play a primary role in the distribution of apparels to retailers. Zara landed a different route of manufacturing trends higher than the local industry in less than one week to finish the fabrics. Furthermore, approximately two-thirds of the fashions are obtained from Europe and North Africa and one-third from Asi a. Zara produces more price and time sensitive products and supplies 70% externally to vendors. They deliver superior customer wants hence better production supply chains. The Australian fast fashion outlook in the wholesaling industry grows globalization of retailers and customers. The Fashion Wholesaling industries are categorized into female clothing vendors, branch stores, male clothing retailers, and nightwear, underclothing and toddler clothing retailers. They all have contrast demands depending on the customers (Vazifehdoost, Rahnama, Mousavian, 2014). The impacts of the overseas fast fashions entering Australia both positively and negatively affected the country. The environment upstage has led to retailers to offer better purchases to consumers. An increase in senior people demands influences retailers to provide high-quality products. The social media has affected the retailers increasingly to advertise to consumers their products. Online retailers paved the way for customers to purchase products on their websites and keeping track on the past purchases. Issues Affecting the Fast Fashion Industry Factors affecting the fast fashion industry have impacted the consumer characteristics in Australia. They influence technology, government and the economy (Ming Law, Zhang, Leung, 2004). The norms, cultures, lifestyle and population changes affect segments of the clothing industry. Wholesalers and retailers evade in the production of too many fashions hence they tumble on the norms of society. Technology also makes the industry to be vulnerable to demand and production. Retailers will increase the prices to counter shortages hence consumers will be affected (Shankar, Bolton, 2004). A couple of legal and political factors will affect small businesses in the country. For example, issues like workers' rights and child labor laws will praise hence Unions for workers will be formed. The wages impact production in the clothing industry. Small retailers will inquire minor profits. Economic Factors have both positive and undesirable effects on the clothing industry. During economic booms, sales will rise, but when recessions occur, sales will significantly drop. Retailers will face indispensable losses in the country. Also, consumers consider their social responsibility to money (Goodman, Cohen, 2004). This will exploit the practices of retailers hence unethical practices may occur in the country. This will lead to the negative publicity of the Australias economy both on the manufacturers and the retailers. Deductions of the Paper In conclusion, traditional Australian retailers find themselves in a competitive market (Chowdhary, 1999). The market share has made fashion retailers to adapt the fast fashion basics to survive and thrive. They have articulated the operation management system through active price management to please the customers. Finally, Australia's fascination with new fast fashions and textile clothes has had major social and environmental implications. There has been a great change in the way people source, consume and dispose of the apparels. Textiles are natural fibers hence decomposable, but a majority of fast fashions are synthetic hence they do not decay quickly. References Bridson, K., Evans, J., Mavondo, F., Minkiewicz, J. (2013). Retail brand orientation, positional advantage, and organizational performance. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 23(3), 245-264. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2013.776991 Chowdhary, U. (1999). Retail store attributes fashion leadership and older consumers. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 3(2), 126-132. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb022554 Fashion-Oriented Impulse Buying. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. https://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n16p223 Goodman, D., Cohen, M. (2004). Consumer culture (1st Ed.). Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. KO, S., Kim, E. (2014). Effects of Marketing Strategy on Brand Attitude, Store affect and Store Loyalty: A comparison between Global and Korean SPA brands. Fashion Textile Research Journal, 16(3), 386-395. https://dx.doi.org/10.5805/sfti.2014.16.3.386 Ly, S. (2014). Paris pop-up store provides a tantalizing glimpse of Ivorian fashion. International Trade Forum, 2014(3), 36-37. https://dx.doi.org/10.18356/dcf28024-en Ming Law, K., Zhang, Z., Leung, C. (2004). Fashion change and fashion consumption: the chaotic perspective. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 8(4), 362-374. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13612020410559966 Qin, F., Lee, J. (2014). The Influence of Fashion Product Purchase Criteria and Effects of Store Attributes Toward Shopping Satisfaction for Inbound Chinese Tourist in Korea.Fashion Textile Research Journal, 16(4), 554-563. https://dx.doi.org/10.5805/sfti.2014.16.4.554 Reid, R., Sanders, N. (2005). Operations Management (1st Ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Shankar, V., Bolton, R. (2004). An Empirical Analysis of Determinants of Retailer Pricing Strategy. Marketing Science, 23(1), 28-49. https://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1030.0034 Vazifehdoost, H., Rahnama, A., Mousavian, S. (2014). Evaluation of the Influence of Fashion Involvement, Personality Characteristics, Tendency to Hedonic Consumption and Store Environment on

An Analysis of the Poem Spain by W. H. Auden Essays

An Analysis of the Poem Spain by W. H. Auden Essays An Analysis of the Poem Spain by W. H. Auden Essay An Analysis of the Poem Spain by W. H. Auden Essay What is Aden trying to achieve in writing this poem? First of all, Aden is asking to meditate on the relationship between the past, the present and the future. The poem refers to the past as History is the operator People should not be limited by the past and it should help them to make the future > inspiration from the past (first part of the poem). Tomorrow the enlarging of consciousness by diet and breathing (plus all the lines on Tomorrow) indicate hope that humanity will draw from the creative past instead of destruction. The final nines are saying to act now in the present, not wait for History to solve everything. Once the omen has passed, you cannot offer help nor ask for forgiveness. Aden is also monopolizing the nations to get engaged in the war. And also inspire personal implication of the people of Spain and Europe. Overall, this poem is ambiguous, Aden doesnt take sides which makes this poem a special and a powerful representation of the Spanish Civil War. He shows the rights and wrongs on both sides (republican and nationalist). He also shows the contrast before, during and after the war (yesterday, today and tomorrow). Before war is the time for creation, invention and offering global universal history. Some of the lines that are the most convincing in convincing us of the significance of Spains Civil War are in stanza 18 the menacing shapes of out fever are precise and alive This stanza describes berry well the horror, terror, destruction that the war has brought upon the people. The war thoughts have replaced the normal everyday thoughts about the medicine ad and the brochure of winter cruises.

Harukos World essays

Haruko's World essays The setting of Harukos World begins in 1974 in a small farming community in Japan. The start of the book is the author getting acquainted with the area and the family she is about to spend the next few years with. Bernstein goes into to detail to describe the home and her surroundings, such as inadequate space in this drafty and dark house. The area the family lives in is not far from poverty stricken, with little shack-like homes shoulder to shoulder. One of Harukos initial worries is that she would not be able to accommodate her guest with devoted care such as, making breakfast, mending and ironing clothes, and cleaning her room. Harukos had a very big concern with clothing and appearance. Her obsession was not even to impress her husband, but to impress other women. Bernstein has to quickly learn the common forms of etiquette within the Japanese culture. The main way she is to learn this is by watching and asking questions of Haruko. Haruko is really kind of a control freak, wanting to be in charge of pretty much everything that went on in her household. This was just a sign of the times. Womens responsibilities at this time and location were not limited to just daily household chores. She would be responsible for different appointments of any kind for her family and she also would take charge of distributing work as well. Eventually Bernstein begins to get the story between Haruko and her husband, Sho-ichi. The two met in 1949 in the home of her uncle, while they were each helping with the rice harvest. The relationship that develops between Haruko and her husband is unique. Bernstein discovers that Sho-ichi could be physically abusive at times. He may either strike her in face or push her forehead with the palm of his hand. This was partially due to the fact that he was very laid back and she was not. If things were not running smoothly, especially between Haruko and her m...

Discussion #1 APS 210 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion #1 APS 210 - Essay Example 2. The best security technologies for faith-based facilities are the least physically noticeable ones as they cause less obtrusion for the parishioners. These include inbuilt electronic door locks, access controls, hidden surveillance cameras, motion detectors and metal detectors. Security strategies include training the facility attendants on security surveillance, developing a sound emergency action plan, and enhancing instant communication systems for emergencies. 3. Before establishing the security enhancements for the places of worship, it is important to notify the parishioners and the surrounding community of the intended changes of the intended changes and their purposes. This step avoids any alarms and misunderstandings that may occur from security upgrades. 4. One similarity is that both cases receive protection from similar threats, which most of the times are terrorism and theft. A difference is that faith based organization facilities receive far more discreet protection measures, which impede on personal privacy on a much lesser scale the than U.S. Critical Infrastructures. Faith based organization facilities also receive protection on a much smaller scale in terms of monetary investments and level of expertise than the Critical Infrastructure locations (Harrell

Introduction to counselling- module 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to counselling- module 3 - Essay Example Needs which could be found at the higher levels of the hierarchy are not strongly geared towards physical survival, instead their focus are more on the psychological well-being and growth. These needs have lesser power in motivating individuals and they are more influenced by the individual’s life experiences and even formal education. The ensuing hierarchy of needs is frequently portrayed as a pyramid, with physical survival needs situated at the bottom of at the foundation of the pyramid whereas the needs for self-actualization are situated at the top. During the time the hierarchy of needs was developed, psychology in the early 1960s was dominated by two views of human behavior. These views are the behaviorist as well as the psychoanalytic. The psychoanalytic view places its emphasis on the unconscious conflicts and makes, drawing a lot of of its conceptions from case studies of neurotic people. On the other hand, the behaviorist view places more attention on the function of learning and generated a lot of its principles from observations of animal behavior. Maslow put forward the observation that the psychoanalysts fell short to take into account the behavior of healthy human beings, at the same time as the behaviorists were very mechanistic and basically took notice of the subjective experience. Maslow possessed the conception that that no theory of human personality would be absolute without a systematic investigation of healthy functioning, in this case he ventured out to inspect the conscious motivations as well as experiences of individuals who are healthy. One essential result was that psychologically healthy people have more tendencies to put into account what Maslow referred to as "peak experiences." Maslow described a peak experience as one in which the individual loses a sense of place and time and goes through a fleeting feeling of harmony

Single parenthood does not benefit the society

Single parenthood does not benefit the society The purpose of writing this research report is to discuss on the question that single parenthood does not benefits the society and it brings negative effects to the society. There will be a full explanation with some evidences to support the idea that single parenthood brings many negative effects to the society. Furthermore, this report will also have three main ideas on the negative effects as well as how they are likely to affect the single parents, children and society. At the same time, there will also include the weaknesses of arguments from the opponents. After a brief explanation of the three main ideas, there will also have some recommendations for this report. Understandably, most of the problems are come from the single parents towards the children, thus, single parents have to show some responsibilities towards this problem, several recommendations are needed to take into actions. However, before actions, it is necessary for us to have certain knowledge on the negative ef fects. Hope that this research report will pave the way to overcome the problems of single parenthood. 1.0 Introduction A family in society is often seen as a father, mother and their children. Nowadays this is not always the case. In this modern age, single parenthood is now acceptable in our society. It is a person who builds a family and cares for one or more children without marriage or without the presence of a husband or wife. According to information from the United States Census Bureau, in 2002 there are about 20 million children lived in a household with only their mother or their father. (Single Parent Central, 2004). Single parent families are families with children under age 18 headed by a parent who is widowed or divorced, not remarried, adoption, artificial insemination and surrogate motherhood, or by a parent who has never married. It also may be the result of an unforeseeable occurrence, such as death, child abuse, child neglect, or abandonment by biological parents. In this day and age, single parenting caused by adoption of a child are widely accepted. Adoption by single individuals has also soared. In 1970 only 0.5 to 4 percent of adoptive parents were single. In the 1980s this rate increased from 8 to 34 percent. According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, 33 percent of children adopted from foster care are adopted by single parents. (Single Parent Central, 2004). A single parent who has chosen to adopt generally feel as though their life is incomplete without a child, they feel there is a loneliness which money or a social friend network cannot cure in their life. As a result of that, it has brought up an ultimate question which remains debatable among the society is, single parenthood does not benefits the society and it brings negative effects to the society. Do you agree? In the end, the answer for this question is yes. Single parenthood does not benefits us, besides, it brings many negative effects to the society. So, single parenthood is not encouraged by the society because it will bring impacts for the children of single parent and they are not growth in a complete and healthy family. According to a study conducted in the United States, children from a single parent background had a 77 percent chance of being physically abused, 87 percent risk of being harmed by neglect and overall 120 percent of being endangered by some form of child abuse. (National Service Personnel, 2010) Therefore, this report will mainly focus on the negative effects of single parenthood to the society. It will indicate that the single parents have financial problems, they cannot handle the pressure of raising the children alone. Furthermore, most of the children may have psychological problems due to lack of supervision and they may involve in social problems. It also include the weaknesses of the arguments from the opponents. Overall, this research results are related to the global range, including United States and some other European countries. The percentage of children of all races living in single parent homes has been steadily increasing since 1970. Percentage of Children in Single Parent Homes: 1970-2005 http://youthviolence.edschool.virginia.edu/prevention/images/singleparentchart.gif Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. Current Population Survey Families and Living Arrangements, Historical Tables. Table CH-1: Living Arrangements of Children Under 18 Years Old: 1960 to Present. The proportion of children living in single-parent homes more than doubled between 1970 and 2006 from 12% to 28%, according to the Current Population Survey (CPS). Over the 36-year period, the share of children living with only their mother rose from 10 percent to 24 percent while the share living with only their father grew from less than 2 percent to 5 percent. A never-married parent is becoming more common in single-parent homes. Between 1970 and 2006, the proportion of children living with a never-married parent increased from 7% to 42%. In 2006, almost 4 percent of children lived with other relatives (including foster parents) and fewer than 1 percent lived with non relatives. Although there may be no direct, causal link between single parent families and youth violence, poor parenting is often identified as one of the most serious risk factors for unhealthy youth development. 2.0 Body of Content 2.1 Single parents cannot handle the pressure of raising the child alone. As a single parent, raising a child is challenging. It is like having two jobs at once. Psychologists believe that raising a child is a very stressful task that single parent will require to be a sympathetic mother plus a strict and providing father at the same time. Without proper guidance from counselors, a single parent will deteriorate emotionally due to stress. Psychologists suggest that in order for a single parent to manage both stress and take care of their child, they should enumerate things that brings them the stressors. (Maxx Family Life, 2010). Another important thing to regard is single parent have to struggle to do everything by themselves with no one else to blame if it does not get done. They have to learn that if something has to be done, then they are the one has to do it. Even if they have developed a network of friends which helps each other, they also may find that there are some jobs have to be done by themselves when no one is capable of or have time to do. According to The Single Mothers Survival Guide, the most common challenge for a single parent will be the financial problems. Opponents argued that single parents will have total control over expenditures than a two parents. They will have to plan on a specific date and set money aside to cover the expenses for their living that a two parents may not have. As single parents are handling the family finances, medically dental care, transportation, household tasks such as repairs and moving, so they must have a wise plan on their expenses. However, to oppose this, in 2002, as twice as many single parent families earned less than $30,000 per year compared to families with two parents present. At the opposite end of the spectrum, 39 percent of two-parent families earned more than $75,000 compared to 6 percent of single mother families and 11 percent of single father families. (Single Parent Central, 2004). Single parents are low income earners. They usually survive on only one income, whe reas other families usually have two parents working providing double income. Kristen Anderson Moore from the Child Trends claims that children living in households with single parents were five times as likely to be poor as the children in households where both parents were present. (Child Trends Research Brief, 2007). Child Poverty by Family Type. Children Age 0-11, 1994-1995 Note: Poverty is measured using Statistics Canadas Low-Income Cut-Off Lines. Source: NLSCY 17 percent of children in two-parent families and 68 percent of children in single-parent families were living in poverty, based on Statistics Canadas 1994 Low-Income Cut-Off Lines (LICO). Infants were over 20 percent more likely than 11-year-olds to be living in poverty, primarily because younger families have higher poverty rates. One in ten Canadian children live in households that are supported primarily by social assistance. 17% of children in two-parent and 68% in single-parent families live in poverty. Only 0.4 percent of children live with teen mothers. However, the overview report stated, even though the numbers were relatively small, this group of children demands particular attention because of the heightened risk of growing up in a poor household and having poor child outcomes. Child outcomes were examined in the areas of emotional and behavioral functioning, academic functioning and social functioning. Most children had no problems in these areas only 26 percent had one or more problems. About 10 percent of Canadian babies are born prematurely, and 5.7 percent had a low birth weight. There is a well established link between important indicators of health at birth, such as low birth weight and prematurity, health and social problems later in life, the authors of the report stated. Also, the NLSCY corroborated past research linking low household income and mothers who smoked during pregnancy with a higher incidence of low birth weight. 2.2 Children may have psychological problems due to lack of communication and attention from their parents. Children from single parent families are more likely to suffer emotional problems than those who are living with both parents. According to the survey carried out by National Statistics, children from the age of 5 to 18, the result showed that 3 percent had developed problems, 30 percent had emotional issues and 43 percent had behavior problems. They stressed that they had not found any direct causes of the problems in children but sure that will be a link to living in a not complete family. (National Statistics, 2008). Children who experienced the stressful events such as seeing their lovely parents divorce, appear in court, being tortured or serious injured by ones parent, they were likely to develop emotional problems. Others emotional issues includes anxiety, depression or become aggressive and antisocial behavior because they think that their parents divorce because they do not want to take care of them. Based on another survey, children whose parents had break up were 4.53 time s more likely to develop emotional problems than those children in two parent family and were 2.87 times to show the onset of behavior disorders. (National Statistics, 2008). As a fact, children in single parent families have psychological problems or abnormal behaviors due to the lack of family care. Consequently, these children suffer a lot from mental strain and stress, therefore they may change their moods very easily and frequently, sometimes they are not willing to listen to their parents. Another important thing to regard is single parents are the sole breadwinners for the family, so they cannot always spend so much time with their kids, this will lead to a poor relationship between them and single parents also may have less parental control over the children. In fact, the children are lack of supervision and they do not receive guidance or attention when they are desperately seeking for. As a result, the gap between the single parent and the children may widen, children might feel that friends are more important than their parents. Hence, communication is an important role in the developing and growth of a child. Parents who communicate and supervise their children will enhance their well-being. (Maccoby and Martin, 1983). Single parents should work to the best on doing everythings to make their children feel love, respect and secure. Opponents argued that in a single parent household with sufficient income, the parent will actually have more free time to allocate for the kids that a married parent would have. They can give much attention that a single parent will often bestow in the absence of a spouse and concentrate on their childrens studies in order to have a high level of academic achievement. Children who have that kind of support, even if it is only from one parent, are much better equipped to deal with the intellectual. On top of that, African American children in elementary school actually do better in school when their parents work outside of the house. The fact that children from low income, single parent families actually can have higher grades than children from two parent homes. (One-parent households and achievement, 1992). However, to oppose this, single parents who have less time overseeing their childrens study habits and helping them with their homework, therefore, the children may have discipl ine problems and do poorly in school, all these will lead to the lower of academic achievement. Thus, two parent household is better for a child, it is really not surprising. (Matt Garrett, 2007). 2.3 Children who involve in social problems like crime, alcohol and drug abuse are they face family problems. Children of single parents are more likely to involve in dangerous behaviors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, drug abuse, crime, delinquency, violence, sexual activity, suicide attempts, etc. This would link on logically from the psychological problems mentioned above. If a child is unhappy and dissatisfied, they need someone to share with their problems and they cant find their own parents to talk with, so they will most probably want to smoke and drink to release out their stress. Often, children left alone at home for long periods when their parents get outside to work, they may be unduly influenced by peers that can lead to unwanted behavior. While most parents will want to respect their childrens privacy, watching for early tell tale signs of drug use or other harmful behavior will save everyone much grief later. (David Richardson, 2007). Furthermore, in The Lancets Jan. 25 issue, the research showed among other things, that 2.5 percent of boys and 1.5 percent of girls in sing le parent families were hospitalized with alcohol problems and the increased risk for drug addiction, compared to just 1 percent of boys and 0.5 percent of girls in two parent homes. (Bootie Cosgrove-Mather, 2003). Another important thing to consider is adolescents are more negatively affected by parental discord prior to divorce . Later, as they from single parents families become adult, they are more likely to marry early, have children early and divorce too, follow their own parents footstep. (Demo and Acock, 1991). Understandably, children need to feel love and secure from their parents in the developing and growth, this may be difficult following a divorce, especially if it was an acrimonious divorce. Family and home are fundamental to a childs sense of self and if children lose confidence on this safe and loving place, they might lose their belief to the world. Opponents claim that in single parenthood, children prior two parents household included frequent fighting and discord between the adults, the absence of a partner means the absence of sometimes irrational and vehement arguments that the children would observe. Consequently, children can be benefit from living in a one parent home provided that the conflict is stopped. At the same time, children being raised in a single parent families can learn to be self reliant, they solve problems themselves. They also can learn to help with household chores and care for younger siblings, which makes them become more mature and gain in more responsibilities than other children in their age group as a result of altered family routines (Demo and Acock, 1991). However, to oppose this, in fact, having two parents is usually better than one. Children are actually learn by example, if their parents didnt have any fighting and discord, on the contrary, they are loving and caring to their children, then it will lead to a happy and well being family. So, be a good role model for the children to follow by setting a good example. 3.0 Conclusion Above all, it can be states that single parenthood does not benefits the society and it indeed brings many negative effects to the society. In this day and age, people pursue a high quality life and happy marriage, but their hopes will usually end up in a higher rate of divorce and greater hurt to the children than before. It will be better if divorced parents establish a new family life with their children, they should spend more time, patience, care and love to their kids. Single parents will have a unique opportunity to influence their children for good or ill, without the counterbalance of another partner. Therefore, based on the three arguments that are mentioned and with the aids of examples and supporting arguments, we could conclude that it is really important to give children a peaceful and stable home environment in the developing and growth of them. 4.0 Recommendations It is highly recommended that the society take steps to help in overcoming the problems of single parenthood whether is the single parents or the children. We should keep in mind that we want to live in a peaceful life and to look forward to a progressive society. Statistics indicate that single parents cannot handle the pressure of raising the child alone, so the government sector should provide some subsidies for single parents in order to reduce the expenses of single parents, instead they can also save the money for being used by future. Besides, some of the children may have psychological problems due to lack of communication and attention from their parents, therefore, single parents should spend more time with their children like have some family day events on holidays, always have a talk with them, do not let them feels that they are left out. Other than that, as a matter of fact, children who involve in social problems like crime, alcohol and drug abuse are they face family problems, the single parents and the society should avoid the happenings of such social problems because children who are still young, they do not know how to differentiate that what should do and what should not do. Hence, adults like us have the responsibilities to help and protect the children, especially their parents.

Rhetoric and Organizational Method Works

Rhetorical Modes QuizComplete the following chart to identify the purpose and structure of the various rhetorical modes used in academic writing. Provide at least two tips for writing each type of rhetorical device.Rhetorical mode PurposeExplain when or why each rhetorical mode is used. StructureExplain what organizational method works best with each rhetorical mode. TipsProvide two tips for writing in each rhetorical mode. Narration The purpose of narration is to tell a story whether it is factual or fiction. Having a plot, characters, protagonise, conflicts, and theme. Strong details like how each of our senses enteracts with different people, place or things. Also make sure to have a guide for your story whether it is factual, fiction or both. IllustrationDescriptionClassificationProcess analysisDefinitionComparison and contrastCause and effectPersuasionSelect one of the topics below and determine at least one rhetorical mode that would be appropriate for addressing the topic you selected. Write 100 to 150 words explaining the topic you selected, the rhetorical mode, and why you think this mode is most appropriate for addressing your topic.Pollution Workplace proposal for a new initiative Arguing to change a law Building a new park in your town Climate change Profile of your best friend or a family memberI would like to explain pollution to you by showing you the cause and effects, because this way you will know what may cause pollution and how it effects us. Since pollution is one of the major issue that we have today, it is important that we do what we can to minimize it so that we are able to let the next generation experience this beautiful world of ours.

Effects of Social Media Essay

For the past decade, society has been undergoing a technological revolution in communication. The creation of the internet was the foundation for the communication practices of today. Internet use began to facilitate asynchronous messaging, which later evolved towards instantaneous communication, synchronous messaging. This communication revolution occurred rapidly and was vastly accepted by millions of people. At an extremely fast rate individuals began creating personal profiles on social networking websites. A new form of communication is identified as social networking, which includes instant-messaging, text-messaging, e-mail, and any internet facilitated form of social interaction. Associating the interaction of these social mediums as a form of interpersonal relationships may have further implications on an individual’s identified norms and values regarding social communication. The person connected via social media is perceived as participating in a social interaction, but communicating by social mediums should not be considered similar to real-life interaction. see more:social media cause and effect Although some of the mediums, now, allow for camera and internet facilitated face-to-face communication, the interaction itself is mediated through a device. There must be a clear understanding of the what is considered real-life interaction, and social medium communication. The notion computational technologies have created an alternative way of thinking is introduced by Sherry Turkle. Further, individuals have begun to alter their way of identifying their ‘self’. The multiple interfaces offered by social media allows people to create an online profile, which allows individuals to illustrate their life experiences, personal appearance, etc. The ability to construct an individuals image may cause complexities regarding ‘self’ identification. Another aspect of change may be associated with computational technologies and the effects they have on they way people process information. On the other hand, there have been positive and negative associations with social mediums effects on the development and understanding of social interactions: social media offers communicative methods in which allow for individuals to become more connected to society through the internet. This study will examine whether or not regular use of social media to communicate with others may have further implications on individual’s sense of self and sense of values he or she identifies with social interactions. This work will relate the aspects of self-identification and the effected values associated with consistent use of social mediums. There is a self-perpetuating cycle regarding the use of social media. â€Å"It is worth noting that the ungrati? ed social and habitual needs of SM use can accumulate through their own endogenous effects over time, and motivate future SM use. In other words, these needs drive SM use, but are not grati? ed by SM use, and grow larger to stimulate heavier SM use in the future. In this sense, SM use gradually cultivates greater social and habitual needs to use SM. This may help explain the increasing popularity of SM. †1 The use of social media allows people to connect with seemingly any other individual. The ability to connect with people creates satisfaction in the user’s emotional, and social needs. If these needs are meet throughout the individual’s experience than he or she will likely develop a preference for online use, which may cause further submergence into the social mediums. Face-to-face interaction, or real-life, may have caused an individual that identifies him or herself as socially inept to refer to social mediums as an attempt to find a way to connect with society. If the individual experiences positive feedback during their use of these social mediums they are more likely to associate themselves online rather than face-to-face. The unbiased acceptance in the social medium facilitates a person’s need for social connection. Anyone can connect. People can find friends by previous associations, recommendations, groups of similar interests, and they can search for people with related interests in political, educational, environmental concerns, etc. The vast expectance of social media platforms has created a society in which any person can meet their needs of social, and emotional gratifications because of the exponential possibility of finding friends with similar interests. Social media is shown to expand the boundaries of social interaction, â€Å"Research has shown that SM [Social Media] provides unprecedented convenience and ef? ciency for creating, maintaining, and strengthening social relationships. Many features of SM facilitate self-disclosure and social interactions, such as the removal of geographic boundaries and the rich interaction opportunities afforded by networks of ‘‘friends’’ and information (e. g. , Ellison, Stein? eld, & Lampe, 2007; Lai & Turban, 2008). † 2 The contribution social mediums have on people’s ability to communicate across the world is one of the positive associations of connectivity. Creating and maintaining social relationships is exemplified by the ability for individuals to connect with seemingly anyone: the aspect of strengthening relationships may be more associated with the ability to connect with distant friends, or partners. The ease of accessibility contributes to the repeating cycle in which online social media creates through the exponential possibilities of connections; for example, each user is a multiplying factor providing an opportunity for millions of different connections when they join social networking. As consumers participate more through social mediums, they are exemplifying to other individuals that consistent online activity is accepted, as a factor of social interaction. This factor could lead to negative uses of social media, which will be explored later. Furthermore, the use of social media as another form of face-to-face interaction may positively effect individuals, â€Å"Using Facebook and MySpace as an extension of face-to-face interaction to maintain interpersonal relationships may enable users to broaden connections that they otherwise may not have and to strengthen existing friendships. This study reinforces the capabilities of social mediums for relationships; but also, highlights the importance of correct use of electronic media. Rather than using social media as alternative form of face-to-face communication, Carlyne Kujath^ hints individuals should monitor his or her use accordingly in order to avoid crossing the boundary of electronic media becoming a negative factor in society. As Kujath suggests the proper use of electronic media is the practice as an â€Å"extension† of interpersonal communication, instead of using social media as an alternative for real-life interaction. The recommended methods of using social networking facilitate both online and offline interaction. It is important to not exclude offline interaction; although online interaction has more positive effects on individuals who participated via social networking, â€Å"The key finding of this study was the lower social anxiety observed during online interaction than during real-life interaction, particularly in subjects with high social anxiety. †4 Online communication is attributed to easier social interaction. The individual feels more comfortable interacting through social networking. The vast amount of users facilitate a wider range of groups in which individuals can interact with in order to meet their needs of gratification, emotional and social. The lower social anxiety is likely associated with the available connectivity, and the emotional and social support found through social communication. While the higher social anxiety regarding real-life interaction is related to the inability to have control over the interaction. For example, an individual in a face-to-face interaction may not know the proper norms of real-life communication, and how to respond which may cause further disconnection from â€Å"real-life†. It seems the self propelling method of social media emerges, again. Users are compelled to use social media for easier, more controllable interaction. The high social anxiety found in face-to-face communication drives users to find an alternative method to gratify their personal needs. In contrast, the lower social anxiety experienced through online interaction exemplifies the positive effects social media can have on people. Online communication seems to meet the needs of people with various desires and intentions, and also satisfies their needs of personal gratification. Social media facilitates an environment in which people feel comfortable participating within. This use of connectivity contributes to satisfying an individual’s needs, which further compels the person to continue participating. People’s use of social media propels each person to connect further both online and offline, â€Å"These ? ndings indicate a signi? cant positive association between SNS [Social Networking Sites] exposure and social interaction. There is also a positive relationship between cellular-phone communication and social interaction. For every hour increase on average in SNS exposure or cell-phone communication, average face-to-face social interaction increased about 10 to 15 minutes. †5 Assuming each person’s interaction online was of positive influence people feel more comfortable with interpersonal communication. Online connection may be allowing people who feel socially inept to develop the norms and values of interpersonal interaction through practices of interaction. Surprisingly, the more online communication a person had positively effected the amount of face-to-face interaction they experienced. One might assume more time spent on social platforms causes less time for real-life interaction, but there are underlying factors of electronic media that can contribute to more face-to-face interaction. Individuals are who use online networking to communicate may use it to set up events, or communicate with friends or family to meet-up at a specific time and location. Also, individuals who use cell-phone communication, text-messaging, can synchronously converse with others in order to coordinate meeting up. The concept of deciding when a person wants to interact in real-life environments is attributed with the notion an individual can be connected or disconnected to social platforms whenever they want. Each person can decide when they want to respond to a person, or even if they want to respond. This follows the model of social networking sites: they allow for people to communicate whenever they desire through the ability to post a status. Social networks allow for each individual to determine and construct the online profiles. The people have complete control. Controlling the situation is also an aspect attributed with people’s preference for online communication in contrast to real-life. The non-mediated form of communication, face-to-face, does not allow for the people to have easy control over their interaction. For example, individuals who are speaking face-to-face may have an instance in which the opposing person does not feel comfortable causing negative associations with real-life interaction. Social media assists in giving people the opportunity to feel comfortable within their personal interaction with the electronic medium. The person has better control over the communication, and his or her emotions by the option to stop messaging, or log-out. In addition, individuals online can perform this interaction synchronously, or not: people do not have to respond immediately in any electronically mediated interactions. In example of people’s association of social media with communicative interactions, â€Å"In addition, compared to of? ine interactions, the mediated nature of SM interactions offers users a more controllable environment to strategically present themselves in their interactions (Dunne et al. 2010; Walther, Slovacek, & Tidwell, 2001)†.   The concept of â€Å"presentation† alludes to the notion people can construct their online image however they desire. People felt more comfortable in the interaction in which they had the most control. They can decide when they want to communicate, which allows for them to develop a better understanding of their emotions in order to respond accordingly. Individuals are now becoming accustomed to mediated synchronous communication in which there is an expected delay between messages allowing for each person to think. Although electronic media facilitates instantaneous communication, people have begin to construct an alternative norm. People developed the concept of thoroughly thinking before responding. This identifies a shift in the values associated with social interaction pertaining to/regarding the transition individuals made from face-to-face interaction to the mediated electronic communication. The effects of this shift told by Turkle, â€Å"A seventh grader once told me that the typewriter she found in her mother’s attic is â€Å"cool† because you have to type each letter by itself. You have to know what you are doing in advance or it comes out a mess. The idea of thinking ahead has become exotic. †7 The transition towards mediated social interaction and the related concept of instant communication has led people to become disconnected with the ability to think as they speak, rather than before they speak. A young child is the example illustrating the effects social media has on aspects of social interaction. Further, individuals’ ability to construct their online environment is reinforced by the capability to predetermine their response: the person can even attempt to coordinate the conversation in order to direct it in their desired way. In real-life this ability to lead a conversation would show a developed understanding of social interaction, but as the child shows people no longer relate those particular values of social interaction with face-to-face communication. People redefined the values associated with real-life interaction. This change is directly attributed to the shift to using electronic media for communication. Moreover, the change in values is correlated to the substitution of social medium for face-to-face communication. Social media has further effects related to individual’s behavior. Another instance of change regarding interpersonal interaction is exemplified by how people manage themselves in real-life social environments. The immediate accessibility to social medium via electronic devices constructs a social environment allowing consistent interruptions of interpersonal communication. People have begun to use their cell-phones to text message, check social networking sites, and receive e-mails. The social world is now filled with the beeps and buzzing sounds of cell-phones, constantly.

Essay on “Portfolio Theory”

Essay on â€Å"Portfolio Theory† Portfolio optimization Portfolio optimization is a mathematical model that is applied in the process of investment decision-making across a set of assets or financial instruments. This model was invented by Prof. Harry Markowitz in the 1950s. While developing this model, Markowitz was trying to solve the following problem: Given a fixed collection of assets, determine the portfolio that combines the assets using an optimal fixed percentage asset allocation given the risk preferences of an individual investor (Prigent 2007). Portfolio optimization is based on a number of assumptions, including the investment will be for a single period of time, asset prices display a jointly distributed lognormal random walks, unconstrained asset allocation, and the objective is to capitalize on the predictable utility of wealth at the end of period. Portfolio optimization can be undertaken using various techniques but the most common include quadratic programming, mixed integer programming, as well as nonlinear programmin g. In addition to being applied as an investment decision-making tool, portfolio optimization is also used in divestment and capital allocation decisions (Wachowicz and Horne, 2008). Auto-correlation The term auto-correlation is defined in various ways, depending on the field in which it is being applied. Statistics, auto-correlation is a correlation coefficient, which describes the correlation of a time series with its own past and future values. In some cases, auto-correlation is also known as â€Å"Serial correlation† or â€Å"lagged correlation†, describing the correlation between elements of a chain of numbers arranged in time (Wachowicz and Horne, 2008). Auto-correlation is usually applied in the determination of non-randomness in data, as well as to determine a suitable time series model in non-random data. When determining non-randomness, only the first autocorrelation is required, but in the case of a suitable time series model, a number of lags are required to be plotted. Although auto-correlation can be determined using various tools, the correlogram serves as the best tool for this purpose. In finance, autocorrelation is used in determining the future pr ices of given assets based on the historical prices of such assets (Ehrhardt and Brigham, 2010). Serial correlation As mentioned above, auto-correlation is sometimes known as serial correlation as well. However, in this case, serial correlation is described as the relationship that exists between a certain variable and itself over different intervals of time. This type of correlation is very common in the case of recurring patterns especially when the level of a variable affects its level in the future (Wachowicz and Horne, 2008). With the field of finance, technical analysts apply this type of correlation in examining how the historical price of a given asset can be applied in predicting the future price, and this is the main connection between auto-correlation and serial correlation. Thus, serial correlation is used in the study of how past events forecast future events. Particularly, it is helpful in checking whether and how a given movement of price will lead to a dissimilar price movement. Runs test Runs test is one of the non-parametric tests. It is described as a statistical tool that is used in evaluating whether there is an element of random occurrence in a string of data in a given definite distribution. Particularly, the runs test is applied in determination of the occurrence comparable events, which are divided by different or dissimilar events. In statistics, a run is described as a chain of successive points, either below or above the regression curve. To be more precise, a run is a successive chain of points with either negative or positive residuals (Anderson et al 2011). If the data is randomly distributed; and Ka are points above the regression curve, and Kb points below the curve, then the expected number of runs is calculated as follows: [{2KaKb}/{Ka + Kb}] + 1. The runs test is used in a number of areas in finance. The most common area where this statistical tool is used is in the prediction of returns of stock. The runs test is usually applied in the random walk theory, one of the theories that are applied in determination of future security prices. Distribution of returns In statistics, the term distribution refers to a universal function that is utilized in formulating partial differential equations’ solutions. In finance, the term is used in various areas, the most common being explaining on how the trading volume of a market varies in different times without or with minimal price appreciation (Wachowicz and Horne, 2008). Thus, distribution of returns can be described as how investment returns vary in different times, based on various variables. Distribution of returns is important for various trading problems. One of the crucial uses of distribution of returns is risk management, which involves an estimation of the likelihood of more extreme price changes (Clark and Downing 2010). Notably, there are a number of statistical distributions, but in finance the most relevant include the lognormal and the normal distributions, which are commonly used in the analysis of financial asset prices and returns. When considering the distribution of return s, there are a number of concepts which are considered including the following: Mean This is the average of a given data. It is calculated by calculating the sum of all the financial data and then dividing the sum with the number of data. As such, it is simply the central tendency of a set of data divided by the size of the set (Clark and Downing 2010). Mode The mode is generally described as the most appearing number or set of numbers within a given distribution. Median The median is described as the middle number within a distribution arranged in either a descending or ascending order. This implies that before a finding the median data must be arranged in either of the above stated order. Although it is possible to find the median through a try and error method, there is a mathematical technique which has been specifically designed for this purpose: [{size of the data set} +1] /2 (Clark and Downing 2010). Standard deviation Standard deviation is a measure of how a given data is distributed from the mean. Simply, it is a measure of variation from the expected value of mean. It is usually calculated by getting the square-root of the variance (Prigent 2007). In the context of finance, standard deviation is applied on the yearly rate of return of a given security to estimate the volatility of that security. Thus, it is generally used by the investors in measuring the expected volatility. Standard error of the mean A standard error is generally described as an approximation of errors in sampling that affect a statistic. A standard error of the mean, which is also known as the (standard deviation of the mean) is an approximation of the degree in which the calculated mean is expected from by probability from the true mean (Clark and Downing 2010). Test for significance The test of significance is described as a technique of making due allowance for fluctuations that may arise in the process of sampling, which are likely to affect the outcomes observations and experiments. Before setting the tests of significance, first a hypothesis must be formulated (Hafner et al. 2008). Coefficient for skew and kurtosis Skewness is used in measuring the degree and direction of departure from the level symmetry. On the other hand, kurtosis is a measure or estimation of the tallness and sharpness of the central peak in a data distribution. In a normal distribution, there zero kurtosis and skewness (Black 2011). The coefficient of skew, also known as Pearson’s Coefficient, is described as: Coefficient of Skew = 3{mean- Median}/ standard deviation On the other hand, the coefficient of kurtosis obtained by calculating the 4th moment about then mean, then dividing the answer by the variance of the distribution. Thus, Coefficient of Kurtosis = (1/N)∑((Xi M)/ÏÆ')^4, i=1 to N Jerque-Bera coeffiency for normality This is a test that is used to testing whether a given data have the kurtosis and skewness of a normal distribution. In this case, it is a test carried out on a given data to establish whether the data have a kurtosis and skewness of zero. For a normal distribution, the Jerque-Bera co-efficiency should display a chi-squared distribution. Tangent portfolio and efficient frontier The term tangent portfolio refers to the portfolios of stocks and bonds that are intended for long term investors. Since most people do not like losing their money about two times as much as they get the pleasure of making it, the tangent portfolios begin by asking how much a person is willing to lose in the worst situation without having to bail out of the market: 15% 28% or 38%? When the maximum percentage is selected, the tangent portfolios try to provide a high return rate that amount the risk. On the other hand, Harry Markowitz (1952) defines efficient frontier as the gold curve, which runs along the top of the achievable region. Portfolios that are on the efficient frontier are optimal in that they present maximal returns that are expected for various levels of risks that are given as well as the minimal risk for the given expected return level (Greg 2012). Sharpe Ratio Sharpe ratio was created by laureate William F. Sharpe in order to measure risk adjustment performance. The Sharpe ratios are derived by deducting the risk free rate from the rate return for a portfolio and then the standard deviation is divided by the result obtained earlier The Modigliani and Modigliani measure are use to characterize the way a portfolios’ return rewards an investor for the amount of the risk taken (Sharpe 2009). This means that the investment that took a whopping contract more risk that other benchmark portfolio, but had only a small performance advantage get lesser risk adjusted, than the one that may have taken dramatically small risk relative to the benchmark, but did have similar returns. Jensen and alpha is a term that refers to the differential between the return on the portfolio in excess of the risk free rate and the return explained by the market model (Kevin 2006) The Jensen measure is based on the CAPM Capital Market Line and Capital Asset Pricing Model The Capital Market Line (CML) is a line that is utilized in the CAPM to indicate efficient portfolio rate of return, based on the standard deviation and risk-free rate of return for a given portfolio. It is usually drawn starting from a point of risk-free security to appoint that is considered to be a risky security region. CAPM is a model that defines the connection between the risk and the expected return. It is generally applied in pricing of risky assets (Miller et al 2009). According to this model, systematic risk is the only risk that is taken into consideration by rational investors, since such risk cannot be avoided through diversification. The theory behind this model argues that, a security’s expected return is equal to the security’s risk-free rate plus a risk premium, multiplied by systematic risk of the security (Watsonand Head 2007). Mathematically: ra = rf + Betaa (rm-rf) Where Betaa = risk premium rf = risk-free return rate ra = price of the asset rm = market rate of return Extensions and limitations of CAPM CAPM has a number of limitations. To begin with, the model is established on unrealistic assumptions. For instance, risk free assets do not exist. Secondly, it is challenging in testing the validity of this model. Finally, the other limitation is that Betas vary in most cases, contrary to the model which assumes that they are stable (Abeysinghe 2010). Reference List Abeysinghe, R.L. 2010. Limitations of Capital asset pricing Model. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com/?Limitations-of-Capital-Asset-Pricing-Modelid=3364246 Anderson, R.D., Sweeney, D.J., and Williams, A.T. 2011, Statistics for Business and Economics. London: Cengage learning. Black, K. 2011. Business Statistics: For Contemporary Decision Making. New York: John Wiley Sons. Clark, J. and Downing, D. 2010. Business Statistics. Dallas: Barron’s Educational Series publishing Ehrhardt, C.M., and Brigham, F. E. 2010. Financial Management Theory and Practice. London: Cengage Learning Greg B., 2012, Behavioral Investment Management: An Efficient Alternative to Modern Portfolio Theory. New York City: McGraw Publishers Hafner, M.C., Hardle, W., and Franke, J. 2008. Statistics of Financial Markets: An Introduction. New York: Springer Kevin S., 2006, Portfolio Management. New York: PHL Learning Publishers Kobold K., 2009, Interest Rate Future Market Theoretical Concepts and empirical Evidence. New York: Walter de Gruyter Publishers. Miller, P.F., Vandome, F.A., and McBrewster, J. 2009. Capital Asset Pricing Model. London: Alphascript publishing. Prigent, J.L. 2007. Portfolio Optimization and performance Analysis. Boston: Chapman and Hall/CRC. Sharpe F., 2009 Portfolio Theory and Capital Market. New York City: McGraw- Hill Publishers Wachowicz, M.J., and Horne, C. J. 2008. Fundamentals of Financial Management. London: Prentice Hall. Watson, D and Head A, 2007, Corporate Finance: Principles and Practice, 4th edition, FT Prentice Hall, pp222–3. Xiaobo, L. 2007, Some Problems In Stochastic Portfolio Theory. Kansas City: ProQuest Publishers